notes from the article:

SUPERVISION FOR THE MILLENNIUM:

A RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE

By

Jeffrey Glanz

Kean University

Published in FOCUS ON EDUCATION,. Fall, 2000

http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=w.ah765gqczdmf_76gwgxz4

Reflective practice and constructivist learning are the buzz words for supervision in the new milleniaSupervision, badly practiced, has attracted voluminous criticism for being bureaucratic, obtrusive, and inconsequential in any positive way.

Supervision, however, represents a noble principle, based in the American concern for the educational rights and welfare of each child, and consequently should be retained and respected - Harold Spears

Glickman likes the term instructional leadership instead of supervision

Timeline of Supervision

local lay trusteeslatter decades fo the 19th century - the cry was to organize schools - industrial revolution

end of the nineteenth century, reformers concerned with undermining inefficiency and corruption transformed schools into streamlined, central administrative bureaucracies with superintendents as supervisors in charge - SUperRVISION AS INSPECTION

Fanklin Bobbitt - rating schemes

Supervision as social efficiency

Participatory school management and supervision had its origins with the work of Jesse Newlon.

Democratic and scientific supervision continued well into the 1950s

Clinical Supervision- emphasis on 'collegialityThis idea translated into giving teachers more formal responsibility for setting school policies, thus enhancing democratic governance in schools

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911) who published a book in 1911 titled The Principles of Scientific Management, "efficiency" became the watchword of the day. Taylor's book stressed scientific management and efficiency in the workplace. The worker, according to Taylor, was merely a cog in the business machinery and the main purpose of management was to promote efficiency of the worker.

Supervision as a means of improving instruction through observation was reinforced by the use of "stenographic reports" which was the brainchild of Romiett Stevens, a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. Stevens thought that the best way to improve instruction was to record verbatim accounts of actual lessons, "without criticism or comment."

Clinical, developmental, transformational - all models of supervision after clinical

Democratic of Bureaucratic Supervision? - i believe in democratic supervision